Shade or bowl and method of manufacturing the same



July 7, 1925.

A. J. TIZLEY SHADE OR BOWL AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING :THE SAME Filed Sept. 14. 1922 l/V l/E N TOH ARTHUR J zLEY Wl TIVESSES (22%@ 'Brv ' ,4 TTOHNEYS Patented July 7, 1,925.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ARTHUR JA'MES TIZLEY, 0F BROOKLYN, *NEWA YORK, .ASSIGNOR TO E. F. CALDWELL & CO., OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A. CORPORATION F NEW YORK. i

SHADE 0R BOWL .AND METHOD Application tiled September To all whom. trmay concern.'

Be it known that I, ARTHUR J. TIzLEY, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of New York, borough of Brooklyn, county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Shade or Bowland Method of Manufacturing the Same, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My inventionrelates to translucent shades or bowls, and a method of manufacturing the same, and it has for its object to provide a shade or bowl which may be used for lamps, in ceiling fixtures, and' for other urposes vwhere glass, paper and vellum lave been used heretofore.

Another object of the invention is tomanufacture a shade or bowl of one or more layers of fibrous material, which are impregnated and stiff'ened with a filler and which' may be subsequently stilfened and thickened by coating the artic e with another material.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a shade having different gums dissolved in dissimilar substances which are interspersed with fibrous material. Y

Additional objects of the invention will appear in the following specification in which the preferred form of my invention is described.

In thedrawings, similar reference characters refer to similar ures, in which- Figure 1 is a view showing the form. partially in section; p Figure 2 is a view showing the form covered with bees-wax;

Figure 3 is a view partially in section showing the fibrous material stretched over the bees-wax on the form;

Figure 4 is a view showing the fibrous lmaterial on the form impregnated with the' gum arabic;

Figure 5 is a view showing the fibrous material on the form after the varnish 0r shellac has been applied; A

Figure 6 is a View showing the article after the second layer of fibrous material has been applied;

Figure 7 is au enlarged sectional fragmentary view showing the manner in which the edge of the finished article is stiffened with a wire; and` Figure 8is an enlarged View showing the finished art'icle..

parts in all the fig-` or MANUFACTURING THE SAME.

14, 1922. Serial No. 588,201.

In the manufacture of the translucent shade or bowl, a form 10 is employed, but it will, of course, l'be understood that in some cases it may be desired to manufacture a fiat Iarticle, in which case the form 10 which I will now ldescribe will not be required. I prefer to use a metal form although this form may, if desired, be made-of wood or of some other substance. The form which I have used is made of sheet brass, and which is plated with silver or nickel, so that the brass will not be attacked by the wax which I employ, which would stain the 1inished product. t

The form 10 is shown in Fig. 1. This form 1'0,of brass, plated with silver or nickel, is coated with a very thin layer of bees-wax 1l dissolved in turpentine,the form 10, covered with the bees-wax 11rbeing shown in Fig. 2 ofthe drawings. After thebees`wax has hardened on the form, said form is covered with a fibrous material l2. Iiprefer to use a thin cloth, such as voile, which is stretched over the form with .a smooth surfaceand without any wrinkles ory other blemishes.` The fibrous material or voile may be held over the form inany suitable manner.

After the fibrous material 0r voile has been stretched over the form, the fibrous material or voile is impregnated and stiffened with a substance that will dry without dissolving the bees-wax. I prefer to use gum arabic 13 dissolved in water, because ofl the fact that the .bees-wax on the form is not soluble, and Will'not be attacked in the said solution of gum arabic 13. f When the gum arabic 4has been applied, it is permitesA ted to dry on the fibrous material or voile, A i

after which several coats of varnish or shelf lac 14 are appliedto the fibrous material or voile .impregnated with the gum arabic. The several coats of varnish or shellac tend to harden and thicken the articlein course of manufacture. Varnish or shellac is employed" because 4of the factthat the solvent used in varnishes and shellacs will not dissolve the gum arabic, with which the fibrous material ory voile has been impregnatedi As has Ibeen stated,` Fig. 3 `shows the fibrous material or voile stretched over the form coated with bees-wax, and Fig. 4shows the fibrous material afterit has been imi pregnated with the gum arabic. Fig. 5 shows the article in course of manufacture on the form after the several coats of shellac or varnish have been applied. When the varnish or shellac has thoroughly dried another layer of fibrous material or voile 15 is stretched over the article, on the f orm in course of manufacture. The threads of the second fibrous material or voile 15 are pref-l erably disposed at an angle with reference to the threads of the first fibrous material or voile This will be seen by comparing Fig. 6, showing the article in course of manufacture 'on the form, with the second fibrous material or voile applied, with Fig.

3 showing the first layer of fibrous material or voile.L

By disposing the threads of the second fibrous material or voile at an angle to the threads of the first fibrous material or voile, the article is strengthened considerably, and not onlyis this the case, but this arrangement of the threads of the fibrous material or voile gives a pleasing effect when the manufacture has been completed and the-article is held to the light.

When the second fibrous material or voile has been stretched over the shellac o: varnish so that there are no Wrinkles or blemishes, it is held in place by any suitable means, and this second layer of fibrous material or voile is impregnated with gum arabic, which is permitted to dry thoroughly. This gum arabic adheres to the varnish or shellac, as it readily passes through the open weave in the fibrous material or voile. When the second layer of gum arabic has thoroughly dried, several coats of varnish or shellac are applied, which is permitted to dry. It -will be understood that while I have described the manufacture of an article with only two layers of fibrous material or voile, that any desired number of layers of fibrous material or voile may be used in th'e manner `which has been described with reference to the two layers which are usually em loyed when the article in course of manu acture is'to be twelve inches or less in diameter. `Whe`n articles of a greater diameter are used, I prefer to employ at least three layers of fibrous material or voile, which are applied and are impregnated with gum arabic and are coated with varnish or shellac in the manner-set forth above..

When the article has thoroughly dried, it is customary to coat it with a translucent enamel which serves to give the effect of an egg-'shell coating. Vhite translucent enam- 'el may be employed, but it will be understood that translucent enamel having colors may also be employed as occasion may reuire. When the enamel has dried, the article is removed from the form, which is done by heating the form slightly, thereby melting the bees-wax. This ermits the article to be readily removed rom the form.

lAs has been stated voile is preferably used -which acts as a filler is dissolved in Water,

linsta-:nie

in the construction of the shade or bowl and as volle 1s a very thin, woven fabric it may be stretched smoothly over the form 10, it

' being possible to pull the web and weft of the voile out of their normal positions to obtain this result.

The ums used for the body of the shade or bow the voile w ich is `too thin for this purpose serving as a reinforcing means.

While the term voile is used, other Very thin fabrics ma be employed.

It will be un erstood that the edge of the article ay be trimmed as may be desired. When is has been done, I customarily sew a'wire 18 around the edge ofthe article as shown in Figs. 7 and 8, which gives the ar-4 ticle a metallic stifl'ener. The stitches holding the Wire 18 are shown at 17.

It will be understood that the gum arabic and not in alcohol or in oil, and that the shellac is soluble in alcohol, and not iii water, and other gums of Which varnish is made are soluble in oils, but are not soluble in alcohol or. in water. Therefore, there is no danger of the shellac or varnish softening the um arabic acting as a filler, ,and with which the fibrous material or voile has been impregnated, and there is also no danger that the second application of gum arabic will soften the varnish or shellac which has been used to cover the first fibrous material or voile.

When the manufacture of the article has been completed, as set forth above, the arv the method set lforth above, the fibrous material is stretched fiat by any suitable means when it is impregnated with gum arab-ic dissolved in'water and the other steps of the method are carried out as stated.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A method of manufacturing translucent'bowls or shades consisting of stretch- 120 ing the web and weft of a ,thin reinforcing woven fabric outof their normal positions over a curved surface, impregnating and thickening the fabric with a filler,l coating the fabric with anadhesive, stretchingthe 125 web and weft of a second, thin reinforcing4 woven fabric out of their normal position over the first fabric and impregnating and thickening the second fabric with av filler, the filler and the adhesive 4forming the body 130 `of the bowl or-,shadefand a fabric formi-ng the reinforcing means.

2. VA method of manufacturing bowls and shades consisting of impregnatingand stiffening a layer of fibrous material with a filler, coating the layer of fibrous material with a hardening and thickeningsubstance in solution, permitting the hardening and thickening substance to dry on the stifl'ened hardening and thickening substance'in solu-` tion and permitting the hardening and thickening substance to dry on the second,

layer of fibrous material, `the filler being insoluble in the said solutions.

3. A method of manufacturing translucent bowls or shades consisting of stretching a layer of woven material. smoothly over a convex surface, impregnating the material with a filler, coating the material with a hardeningl and thickening substance,

stretching a second layer of woven material smoothly over the first layerof woven materialv with the web and weft of the second material at angles to the web and weft of the first material and imp-regnating .the second layer of material with a filler.

et. A method of manufacturing translucent bowls or shades consisting of stretching a llayer of thin woven reinforcing material smoothly over a convex surface,'im pregnatingthe material with a filler and coating the material with a' hardening and thickening substance, the -filler and the hardening and thickening substance forming the body of the shade or bowl whichv is reinforced by the woven material.

5. A method of manufacturing bowls and shades, consisting of impregnating and stiffening a layer of fibrous material with a gum applied in a solvent, drying the gum, coating the fibrousmaterial with a di'erent gum applied in a solvent different from the rst mentioned solvent, applying a second i layer of fibrous material, impregnating and stiffening the second layer of fibrous material with the first mentioned gum and solvent, and coating the second `layer of fibrous material with the second mentioned` gum andsolvent, the first mentioned gum being insoluble in the second mentioned solvent.

6. method of manufacturing bowls and shades, consisting of impregnating and stiffening a layer of fibrous material withsolvent, coating the second layer of fibrous "material with the second mentioned gum tion of gum arabic dissolved in water to the fibrous material for stifiening purposes, the application of a varnish on the fibrous material, and the application of a translucent enamel over the varnish. l

9-. A method of manufacturing bowls and shades, consisting of coatingI a form with a layer of beeswax dissolved in turpentine, spreading a layer of fibrous material over the bees-wax, thel application of a gum to the fibrous material for stifi'ening purposes, the application ofagum at the outer side ofthe fibrous material ,for thickening the article which is in course of manufacture, and heating the form slightly to melt the bees-wax, and free the manufactured article from the form.

10. A method of manufacturing bowls and shades, consisting of coating a form with a layer of bees-wax dissolved in turpentine, spreading a layer of fibrous material over the bees-Weiz, the application of a gum to the fibrous material for stiff'ening y purposes, the application of a gum at the outer side ofthe fibrous material yfor thickening the article which is in course of manufacture, heating the form slightly to melt the bees-wax and free the manufactured article from the form, and securing a wire around the edge of the bowl or shade.

' l1. A method of manufacturing bowls or shades consisting of stretching a layer of thin, meshed, reinforcing fabric smoothly over a convex surface, impregnating the fabric with a filler, aV hardening and thickening substance, stretching a second layer ofthin, meshed reinforcing fabric over the first layer of fabric and impregnating'the second layer of fabric with a filler.

12. In a shade or bowl, gum forming the body ofthe Shade or bowl which is reinforced by layers of thin curved fibrous material to stiEen and hold the gum 'in position.

`coating the fabric with.

` 13. Ina shade or bowl, gum, two curved layers of fibrous material which are spaced apart by the gum which serves to bind the layers of fibrous material relatively to each other, the threads of one layer of fibrous Y material being disposed at angles with reference to the threads of the other layer of fibrous material.

14. In a translucent shade or bowl a plurality of curved layers of reinforcing fibrous material and translucent means forming the body of the shade or bowl which stiien and hold the layers of fibrous material relatively to each other.

15. In a shade or bowl a plurality of curved layers of fibrous material spaced apart, each impregnated and stiHened with a translucent material and another translucent material which binds the curved layers of fibrous material in position" relatively to' each other.

. 16. A method of manufacturing shades, consisting of coating a form with a layer of matter which will be softened by heat, the manufacture of the shade on 4the said form and the heating of the form to soften the said matter and free the shade from the form. 17. A method of manufacturlng bowls or and the filler with a hardening ishades consisting of stretching a layer of fibrous material smoothly over a curved surface, impregnating the fibrous material with a filler, coating the fibrous material and thickpermitting substance to ening substance in solution, an the hardemng and thickening 1 8. A method of manufacturing bowls or fibrous material over a mold, lmpregnating and thickening 'the fibrous material with a filler, coating the fibrous material with an adhesive, spreading another layer of fibrous material over the first layer of fibrous material and impregnating and thickening the second layer of fibrous material with a filler.

19. In a shade' or bowl a plurality of layers of voile, Aeachimpregnated and stiffened with a filler and an adhesive between the layers of voile which binds the layers of voile together at all parts.

Y, ARTHUR JAMES TIZLEY.

dry, the filler being insoluble 1n the solution. 

